Page 47 - Slide 1

The End of Secular India?

The concept of secularism, enshrined in India’s Constitution, has been central to its identity
since independence. The principle of equal treatment for all religions and the separation of
religion from state affairs has historically enabled India’s pluralistic society to coexist.
However, recent political, social, and legislative trends have sparked debates about the
perceived erosion of this principle.
Historical Context
India was founded as a secular nation, a reflection of its diverse population encompassing
Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, and others. The framers of the Constitution
emphasized secularism to ensure that no community felt marginalized. However, the
definition of secularism in India differs from Western notions. While Western secularism
often implies a strict separation of religion and state, Indian secularism allows for state
involvement to ensure equality among religions.
Contentious Policies and Decisions
•The Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), 2019: The law, which fast-tracks citizenship for
non-Muslim refugees from neighboring countries, has been criticized for discriminating
against Muslims and being antithetical to secular values.
•Revocation of Article 370: The removal of Jammu and Kashmir’s special status is viewed
by some as a targeted move that alienates the region’s Muslim-majority population.
•Uniform Civil Code (UCC): The push for a UCC, which aims to replace personal laws
based on religion with a common set of laws, is controversial. While proponents argue it
promotes equality, opponents believe it undermines minority rights.
Impact on Society
The political and ideological shifts have led to growing alienation among minority
communities. Muslims, in particular, report feeling increasingly insecure amid rising
incidents of hate speech and violence.
● Rise In Communal Polarization
Communal tensions have intensified in various parts of the country, with a growing “us
versus them” mentality fueled by divisive rhetoric. Social media platforms amplify such
divisions, spreading hate speech and disinformation that inflames inter-community distrust.
This polarization affects daily interactions, reducing opportunities for meaningful dialogue
between different groups.
●Suppression of Dissent
Critics of the erosion of secularism, including activists, academics, and journalists, often
face harassment, legal challenges, or censorship. The diminishing space for dissent
threatens democratic principles and discourages open discussions about the importance of
secularism.